THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF PEGANUM HARMALA L. SEEDS ON KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT CLINICAL SPECIMENS
From January 2014 to March 2014, Fifty-seven isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from different clinical samples blood=31 isolate (54.38%), urine=21 isolate (36.84%), stool=3 isolates (5.26%) and sputum=2 isolates (3.50% of the total isolates) from patients suffering from bacteremia, urinary tract infection, diarrhea and respiratory tract infection (respectively) in Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital/ Baghdad-Iraq. All isolates were diagnosed primarily by growing on MacConkey agar, the colonies were appeared pink and mucoid then all the isolates were diagnosed by Analytic Profile Index Enterobacteriaceae (API 20 E) system. The antibiotics sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method, ten antibiotics were used: imipenem, gentamicin, piperacillin, carbencillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, amoxicillin, pencillin, ampicilline and oxacillin, the result show that all Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to imipenem and gentamicin but they were all resist to other tested antibiotics. The extract of Peganum harmala seeds was extracted by using methanol (80%) and four concentrations were prepared (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml). The results show that all used concentrations have antimicrobial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and the best concentration that have the best antimicrobial effect was 100 mg/ml. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for alcoholic seeds extract on Klebsiella pneumoniae were determined and the result show that the MIC was (3.12 mg/ml) and MBC was (6.25 mg/ml). The synergistic effect between alcoholic seeds extract and antibiotics that the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to them (imipenem and gentamicin) was studied and the result show that effect of these antibiotics on the bacterial isolates was increased and this was indicating by measuring the inhibition zone around the saturated antibiotics disc