THE ROLE OF TRANSFORMATION GROWTH FACTOR (TGF-Î’1)PROTEIN IN IRAQI LUNG CANCER CELLS AND STROMA
Lung cancer is the most common cancer world wide. The majority of the cases now occur in the developing countries in percentage 55%. TGF-β immunosuppressive cytokines inhibit anti-tumor immune cells such as CD8+ and Th1 cells in established cancer tissues, further facilitating cancer progression . TGFβ expression in tumors vary and include the cancer cells themselves as well as various cells of the tumor stroma, and extracellular matrix of tissue .TGF- β is secreted into the extracellular matrix of tumor cells as a latent protein complex. TGF-β plays an indispensible, yet complex, role in carcinogenesis and the progression of tumors. TGF-β1 protein expression in lung tumor cells and strom (fibroblast and matrix) were studied by using immuno-histochemical technique in 30 NSCLC tissue samples and 22 bengin tissue. TGF-β1 protein expression was positive expressed in malignant samples 25/30(83.3%)compared to bengin samples 16/30 (72.7%)with significant differences (p= 0.0401,chi-3.877).TGF-β1 expression in cancer cells samples and stromal cells samples not related with the age but it was high significant association with male ,Sqcc type and poorly differentiated with p≤0.001for each one. TGF-β1 expression (Moderate and high intensity) of matrix were showed high significant differences in malignant samples compared to benign samples(p≤0.00). Cancer cells ,stromal cells and Extracellular matrix highly TGF- β1 +expression ,suggesting the important role of the stroma surrounding tumor to enhance the carcinogenesis of lung cancer