DYNAMIC BIODYNAMER NANO-SYSTEMS IN BIOPHARMACEUTICAL DELIVERY: DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION, AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
Dynamic biodynamer nano-systems have emerged as a novel and highly adaptable platform for the delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics, addressing critical limitations associated with conventional drug delivery approaches. Peptides and proteins, despite their high specificity and therapeutic potential, are often hindered by poor stability, enzymatic degradation, low bioavailability, and limited permeability across biological barriers. Biodynamers, characterized by dynamic covalent bonding and reversible self-assembly, offer unique advantages in forming nano-complexes and nanoemulsions capable of encapsulating and protecting these sensitive biomolecules. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design, formation mechanisms, and physicochemical characterization of biodynamer-based nano-systems, highlighting their role in enhancing drug stability and enabling controlled and stimuli-responsive release. The incorporation of targeting ligands and surface modifications further improves site-specific delivery, cellular uptake, and therapeutic efficiency while minimizing systemic toxicity. In addition, these nano-formulations demonstrate favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, including prolonged circulation time and sustained drug release. The review also discusses critical aspects of biocompatibility, toxicity, and safety, along with the challenges associated with large-scale manufacturing, regulatory approval, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the wide-ranging applications of biodynamer nano-systems in chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as their potential in advanced biopharmaceutical fields like gene delivery and vaccine development, are explored. Despite existing challenges, ongoing advancements in material design and nanotechnology are expected to facilitate the translation of these systems into clinical practice. Overall, biodynamer-based nano-systems represent a promising and innovative approach for improving the delivery and therapeutic performance of peptide and protein drugs.